From 36ca178574949d93672e903a5c9c7e7beafdc5ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jens <1742418+1cu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2025 21:22:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] feat: upgrade nodriver from 0.39 to 0.47 (#635)
MIME-Version: 1.0
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## ℹ️ Description
Upgrade nodriver dependency from pinned version 0.39.0 to latest 0.47.0
to resolve browser startup issues and JavaScript evaluation problems
that affected versions 0.40-0.44.

- Link to the related issue(s): Resolves nodriver compatibility issues
- This upgrade addresses browser startup problems and window.BelenConf
evaluation failures that were blocking the use of newer nodriver
versions.

## 📋 Changes Summary

- Updated nodriver dependency from pinned 0.39.0 to >=0.47.0 in
pyproject.toml
- Fixed RemoteObject handling in web_execute method for nodriver 0.47
compatibility
- Added comprehensive BelenConf test fixture with real production data
structure
- Added integration test to validate window.BelenConf evaluation works
correctly
- Added German translation for new error message
- Replaced real user data with privacy-safe dummy data in test fixtures

### 🔧 Type Safety Improvements

**Added explicit `str()` conversions to resolve type inference issues:**

The comprehensive BelenConf test fixture contains deeply nested data
structures that caused pyright's type checker to infer complex
dictionary types throughout the codebase. To ensure type safety and
prevent runtime errors, I added explicit `str()` conversions in key
locations:

- **CSRF tokens**: `str(csrf_token)` - Ensures CSRF tokens are treated
as strings
- **Special attributes**: `str(special_attribute_value)` - Converts
special attribute values to strings
- **DOM attributes**: `str(special_attr_elem.attrs.id)` - Ensures
element IDs are strings
- **URL handling**: `str(current_img_url)` and `str(href_attributes)` -
Converts URLs and href attributes to strings
- **Price values**: `str(ad_cfg.price)` - Ensures price values are
strings

These conversions are defensive programming measures that ensure
backward compatibility and prevent type-related runtime errors, even if
the underlying data structures change in the future.

### ⚙️ Type of Change
- [x] ✨ New feature (adds new functionality without breaking existing
usage)
- [ ] 🐞 Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
- [ ] 💥 Breaking change (changes that might break existing user setups,
scripts, or configurations)

## ✅ Checklist
Before requesting a review, confirm the following:
- [x] I have reviewed my changes to ensure they meet the project's
standards.
- [x] I have tested my changes and ensured that all tests pass (`pdm run
test`).
- [x] I have formatted the code (`pdm run format`).
- [x] I have verified that linting passes (`pdm run lint`).
- [x] I have updated documentation where necessary.

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that you can use, modify,
copy, and redistribute this contribution, under the terms of your
choice.
---
 pdm.lock                                      |   8 +-
 pyproject.toml                                |   6 +-
 src/kleinanzeigen_bot/__init__.py             |  18 +--
 src/kleinanzeigen_bot/extract.py              |  14 +-
 .../resources/translations.de.yaml            |   3 +
 .../utils/web_scraping_mixin.py               |  18 +++
 tests/conftest.py                             |  18 +++
 tests/fixtures/belen_conf_sample.json         | 128 +++++++++++++++++
 .../test_web_scraping_mixin_integration.py    |  66 +++++++++
 tests/unit/test_extract.py                    |  25 ++++
 tests/unit/test_init.py                       | 109 +++++++++++++-
 .../test_web_scraping_mixin_remoteobject.py   | 134 ++++++++++++++++++
 12 files changed, 526 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/fixtures/belen_conf_sample.json
 create mode 100644 tests/unit/test_web_scraping_mixin_remoteobject.py

diff --git a/pdm.lock b/pdm.lock
index 7ef5d8f..9ce2596 100644
--- a/pdm.lock
+++ b/pdm.lock
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 groups = ["default", "dev"]
 strategy = ["inherit_metadata"]
 lock_version = "4.5.0"
-content_hash = "sha256:3bda32de316794f1c608898e17874857e2263ee1f3a5932440c630366cc40af2"
+content_hash = "sha256:eecf66c65d3597b333bec94ec2b8efa5fba4f96d772c466ab6023550b8d7dd3a"
 
 [[metadata.targets]]
 requires_python = ">=3.10,<3.14"
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "nodriver"
-version = "0.39"
+version = "0.47.0"
 requires_python = ">=3.9"
 summary = "[Docs here](https://ultrafunkamsterdam.github.io/nodriver)"
 groups = ["default"]
@@ -782,8 +782,8 @@ dependencies = [
     "websockets>=14",
 ]
 files = [
-    {file = "nodriver-0.39-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f245be52e6328393ece340a6dcbc8d5754fd7cf0838f0e1e40076944617178fc"},
-    {file = "nodriver-0.39.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:af84f76215877c74166f95c8e7615268e31f6118f4c7291d201f29003f2248ef"},
+    {file = "nodriver-0.47.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2bdf69eac8fa33de09249fd513d6a70da95fc80809f9f99c4901cb3ae2e06219"},
+    {file = "nodriver-0.47.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5fc31182a4db725ea56fc042269a29a13e55a2baf83dfdd730aa851dd5269608"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index cde93f1..9207389 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ dependencies = [
   "certifi",
   "colorama",
   "jaraco.text", # required by pkg_resources during runtime
-  "nodriver==0.39.0", # 0.40-0.44 have issues starting browsers and evaluating self.web_execute("window.BelenConf") fails
+  "nodriver>=0.47.0", # Updated from 0.39.0 - 0.40-0.44 had issues starting browsers and evaluating self.web_execute("window.BelenConf") fails
   "pydantic>=2.0.0",
   "ruamel.yaml",
   "psutil",
@@ -366,6 +366,10 @@ data_file = ".temp/coverage.sqlite"
 branch = true  # track branch coverage
 relative_files = true
 
+[tool.coverage.report]
+precision = 2
+show_missing = true
+skip_covered = false
 
 #####################
 # yamlfix
diff --git a/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/__init__.py b/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/__init__.py
index 15be46b..772e183 100644
--- a/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/__init__.py
+++ b/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/__init__.py
@@ -690,13 +690,13 @@ class KleinanzeigenBot(WebScrapingMixin):
                     await self.web_request(
                         url = f"{self.root_url}/m-anzeigen-loeschen.json?ids={published_ad_id}",
                         method = "POST",
-                        headers = {"x-csrf-token": csrf_token}
+                        headers = {"x-csrf-token": str(csrf_token)}
                     )
         elif ad_cfg.id:
             await self.web_request(
                 url = f"{self.root_url}/m-anzeigen-loeschen.json?ids={ad_cfg.id}",
                 method = "POST",
-                headers = {"x-csrf-token": csrf_token},
+                headers = {"x-csrf-token": str(csrf_token)},
                 valid_response_codes = [200, 404]
             )
 
@@ -1048,12 +1048,14 @@ class KleinanzeigenBot(WebScrapingMixin):
 
         LOG.debug("Found %i special attributes", len(ad_cfg.special_attributes))
         for special_attribute_key, special_attribute_value in ad_cfg.special_attributes.items():
+            # Ensure special_attribute_value is treated as a string
+            special_attribute_value_str = str(special_attribute_value)
 
             if special_attribute_key == "condition_s":
-                await self.__set_condition(special_attribute_value)
+                await self.__set_condition(special_attribute_value_str)
                 continue
 
-            LOG.debug("Setting special attribute [%s] to [%s]...", special_attribute_key, special_attribute_value)
+            LOG.debug("Setting special attribute [%s] to [%s]...", special_attribute_key, special_attribute_value_str)
             try:
                 # if the <select> element exists but is inside an invisible container, make the container visible
                 select_container_xpath = f"//div[@class='l-row' and descendant::select[@id='{special_attribute_key}']]"
@@ -1070,20 +1072,20 @@ class KleinanzeigenBot(WebScrapingMixin):
                 raise TimeoutError(f"Failed to set special attribute [{special_attribute_key}] (not found)") from ex
 
             try:
-                elem_id = special_attr_elem.attrs.id
+                elem_id:str = str(special_attr_elem.attrs.id)
                 if special_attr_elem.local_name == "select":
                     LOG.debug("Attribute field '%s' seems to be a select...", special_attribute_key)
-                    await self.web_select(By.ID, elem_id, special_attribute_value)
+                    await self.web_select(By.ID, elem_id, special_attribute_value_str)
                 elif special_attr_elem.attrs.type == "checkbox":
                     LOG.debug("Attribute field '%s' seems to be a checkbox...", special_attribute_key)
                     await self.web_click(By.ID, elem_id)
                 else:
                     LOG.debug("Attribute field '%s' seems to be a text input...", special_attribute_key)
-                    await self.web_input(By.ID, elem_id, special_attribute_value)
+                    await self.web_input(By.ID, elem_id, special_attribute_value_str)
             except TimeoutError as ex:
                 LOG.debug("Attribute field '%s' is not of kind radio button.", special_attribute_key)
                 raise TimeoutError(f"Failed to set special attribute [{special_attribute_key}]") from ex
-            LOG.debug("Successfully set attribute field [%s] to [%s]...", special_attribute_key, special_attribute_value)
+            LOG.debug("Successfully set attribute field [%s] to [%s]...", special_attribute_key, special_attribute_value_str)
 
     async def __set_shipping(self, ad_cfg:Ad, mode:AdUpdateStrategy = AdUpdateStrategy.REPLACE) -> None:
         if ad_cfg.shipping_type == "PICKUP":
diff --git a/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/extract.py b/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/extract.py
index 780c4cf..0afe96e 100644
--- a/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/extract.py
+++ b/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/extract.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class AdExtractor(WebScrapingMixin):
                 if current_img_url is None:
                     continue
 
-                with urllib_request.urlopen(current_img_url) as response:  # noqa: S310 Audit URL open for permitted schemes.
+                with urllib_request.urlopen(str(current_img_url)) as response:  # noqa: S310 Audit URL open for permitted schemes.
                     content_type = response.info().get_content_type()
                     file_ending = mimetypes.guess_extension(content_type)
                     img_path = f"{directory}/{img_fn_prefix}{img_nr}{file_ending}"
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ class AdExtractor(WebScrapingMixin):
 
             # Extract references using the CORRECTED selector
             try:
-                page_refs = [
-                    (await self.web_find(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div h3 a.text-onSurface", parent = li)).attrs["href"]
+                page_refs:list[str] = [
+                    str((await self.web_find(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div h3 a.text-onSurface", parent = li)).attrs["href"])
                     for li in list_items
                 ]
                 refs.extend(page_refs)
@@ -405,13 +405,15 @@ class AdExtractor(WebScrapingMixin):
         category_line = await self.web_find(By.ID, "vap-brdcrmb")
         category_first_part = await self.web_find(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a:nth-of-type(2)", parent = category_line)
         category_second_part = await self.web_find(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a:nth-of-type(3)", parent = category_line)
-        cat_num_first = category_first_part.attrs["href"].rsplit("/", maxsplit = 1)[-1][1:]
-        cat_num_second = category_second_part.attrs["href"].rsplit("/", maxsplit = 1)[-1][1:]
+        href_first:str = str(category_first_part.attrs["href"])
+        href_second:str = str(category_second_part.attrs["href"])
+        cat_num_first = href_first.rsplit("/", maxsplit = 1)[-1][1:]
+        cat_num_second = href_second.rsplit("/", maxsplit = 1)[-1][1:]
         category:str = cat_num_first + "/" + cat_num_second
 
         return category
 
-    async def _extract_special_attributes_from_ad_page(self, belen_conf:dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    async def _extract_special_attributes_from_ad_page(self, belen_conf:dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, str]:
         """
         Extracts the special attributes from an ad page.
         If no items are available then special_attributes is empty
diff --git a/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/resources/translations.de.yaml b/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/resources/translations.de.yaml
index ca76bde..b6fea94 100644
--- a/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/resources/translations.de.yaml
+++ b/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/resources/translations.de.yaml
@@ -391,6 +391,9 @@ kleinanzeigen_bot/utils/web_scraping_mixin.py:
     "4. Check browser binary permissions: %s": "4. Überprüfen Sie die Browser-Binärdatei-Berechtigungen: %s"
     "4. Check if any antivirus or security software is blocking the connection": "4. Überprüfen Sie, ob Antiviren- oder Sicherheitssoftware die Verbindung blockiert"
 
+  web_execute:
+    "Failed to convert RemoteObject to dict: %s": "Fehler beim Konvertieren von RemoteObject zu dict: %s"
+
   web_check:
     "Unsupported attribute: %s": "Nicht unterstütztes Attribut: %s"
 
diff --git a/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/utils/web_scraping_mixin.py b/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/utils/web_scraping_mixin.py
index 580ffc2..9a6641f 100644
--- a/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/utils/web_scraping_mixin.py
+++ b/src/kleinanzeigen_bot/utils/web_scraping_mixin.py
@@ -562,6 +562,24 @@ class WebScrapingMixin:
             LOG.debug("web_execute(`%s`) = `%s`", jscode, result)
         self.__class__.web_execute._prev_jscode = jscode  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # noqa: SLF001 Private member accessed
 
+        # Handle nodriver 0.47+ RemoteObject behavior
+        # If result is a RemoteObject with deep_serialized_value, convert it to a dict
+        if hasattr(result, "deep_serialized_value"):
+            deep_serialized = getattr(result, "deep_serialized_value", None)
+            if deep_serialized is not None:
+                try:
+                    # Convert the deep_serialized_value to a regular dict
+                    serialized_data = getattr(deep_serialized, "value", None)
+                    if serialized_data is not None:
+                        if isinstance(serialized_data, list):
+                            # Convert list of [key, value] pairs to dict
+                            return dict(serialized_data)
+                        return serialized_data
+                except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError) as e:
+                    LOG.warning("Failed to convert RemoteObject to dict: %s", e)
+                    # Return the original result if conversion fails
+                    return result
+
         return result
 
     async def web_find(self, selector_type:By, selector_value:str, *, parent:Element | None = None, timeout:int | float = 5) -> Element:
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 8185556..fd23085 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: © Jens Bergmann and contributors
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 # SPDX-ArtifactOfProjectHomePage: https://github.com/Second-Hand-Friends/kleinanzeigen-bot/
+import json
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Final, cast
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
@@ -179,6 +181,22 @@ def mock_web_text_responses() -> list[str]:
     ]
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def belen_conf_sample() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Provides sample BelenConf data for testing JavaScript evaluation.
+
+    This fixture loads the BelenConf sample data from the fixtures directory,
+    allowing tests to validate window.BelenConf evaluation without accessing
+    kleinanzeigen.de directly.
+    """
+    fixtures_dir = Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures"
+    belen_conf_path = fixtures_dir / "belen_conf_sample.json"
+
+    with open(belen_conf_path, "r", encoding = "utf-8") as f:
+        data = json.load(f)
+        return cast(dict[str, Any], data)
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(autouse = True)
 def silence_nodriver_logs() -> None:
     loggers.get_logger("nodriver").setLevel(loggers.WARNING)
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/belen_conf_sample.json b/tests/fixtures/belen_conf_sample.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4fb8e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/belen_conf_sample.json
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+{
+  "jsBaseUrl": "https://static.kleinanzeigen.de/static/js",
+  "isBrowse": "false",
+  "isProd": true,
+  "initTime": 1704067200000,
+  "universalAnalyticsOpts": {
+    "account": "UA-24356365-9",
+    "domain": "kleinanzeigen.de",
+    "userId": "dummy_user_id_1234567890abcdef12",
+    "dimensions": {
+      "dimension1": "MyAds",
+      "dimension2": "",
+      "dimension3": "",
+      "dimension6": "",
+      "dimension7": "",
+      "dimension8": "",
+      "dimension9": "",
+      "dimension10": "",
+      "dimension11": "",
+      "dimension12": "",
+      "dimension13": "",
+      "dimension15": "de_DE",
+      "dimension20": "dummy_user_id_1234567890abcdefgh",
+      "dimension21": "dummy_encrypted_token_abcdef1234567890/1234567890abcdefgh+ijkl=lmnopqrstuvwxyz01234567==",
+      "dimension23": "true",
+      "dimension24": "private",
+      "dimension25": "0031_A|0042_A|0021_A|0030_A|0006_B|0028_A|0029_B|0007_C|0037_B|0026_B|0004_A|0005_A|0002_B|0036_B|0058_A|0003_B|0011_R|0022_B|0044_B|0012_B|0023_A|60_A|0008_B",
+      "dimension28": "distribution_test-c;yo_s-A;liberty-experimental-DEFAULT;liberty-experimental-2-DEFAULT;Lib_E;",
+      "dimension50": "(NULL)",
+      "dimension53": "",
+      "dimension90": "",
+      "dimension91": "",
+      "dimension94": "",
+      "dimension95": "",
+      "dimension96": "",
+      "dimension97": "",
+      "dimension121": "registered",
+      "dimension125": "distribution_test-c",
+      "dimension128": "yo_s-A",
+      "dimension130": "liberty-experimental-DEFAULT",
+      "dimension131": "liberty-experimental-2-DEFAULT",
+      "dimension135": "Lib_E",
+      "dimension136": "PRIVATE"
+    },
+    "extraDimensions": {
+      "dimension73": "1"
+    },
+    "sendPageView": true
+  },
+  "tnsPhoneVerificationBundleUrl": "https://www.kleinanzeigen.de/bffstatic/tns-phone-verification-web/tns-phone-verification-web-bundle.js",
+  "labs": {
+    "activeExperiments": {
+      "BLN-25381-ka-offboarding": "B",
+      "BLN-23248_BuyNow_SB": "B",
+      "BLN-22726_buyer_banner": "B",
+      "BLN-25958-greensunday": "A",
+      "EKTP-2111-page-extraction": "B",
+      "KARE-1015-Cont-Highlights": "B",
+      "FLPRO-130-churn-reason": "B",
+      "EKMO-100_reorder_postad": "B",
+      "BLN-27366_mortgage_sim": "A",
+      "KLUE-274-financing": "B",
+      "lws-aws-traffic": "B",
+      "SPEX-1052-ads-feedback": "B",
+      "BLN-24652_category_alert": "B",
+      "FLPRO-753-motors-fee": "B",
+      "BLN-21783_testingtime": "B",
+      "EBAYKAD-2252_group-assign": "A",
+      "liberty-experiment-style": "A",
+      "PRO-leads-feedback": "A",
+      "SPEX-1077-adfree-sub": "D",
+      "BLN-26740_enable_drafts": "B",
+      "ka-follower-network": "B",
+      "EKPAY-3287-counter-offer": "B",
+      "PLC-189_plc-migration": "A",
+      "EKMO-271_mweb": "A",
+      "audex-libertyjs-update": "A",
+      "performance-test-desktop": "B",
+      "BLN-26541-radius_feature": "A",
+      "EKPAY-3409-hermes-heavy": "A",
+      "SPEX-1077-adfree-sub-tech": "B",
+      "EKMO-243_MyAdsC2b_ABC": "C",
+      "Pro-Business-Hub": "A",
+      "fp_pla_desktop": "A",
+      "SPEX-1250_prebid_gpid": "B",
+      "prebid-update": "A",
+      "EKPAY-4088-negotiation": "B",
+      "desktop_payment_badge_SRP": "R",
+      "BLN-23401_buyNow_in_chat": "B",
+      "BLN-18532_highlight": "B",
+      "cmp-equal-choice": "B",
+      "BLN-27207_checkout_page": "B",
+      "I2I-homepage-trendsetter": "A",
+      "ignite_web_better_session": "C",
+      "EBAYKAD-3536_floor_ai": "B",
+      "ignite_improve_session": "C",
+      "EKPAY-3214-NudgeBanner": "A",
+      "BLN-24684-enc-brndg-data": "A",
+      "BLN-25794-watchlist-feed": "B",
+      "PRPL-252_ces_postad": "A",
+      "BLN-25659-car-financing": "B",
+      "EKPAY-3370_klarna_hide": "A",
+      "AUDEX-519_pb_ortb_cfg": "B",
+      "BLN-26398_stepstone_link": "B",
+      "BLN-25450_Initial_message": "A",
+      "cmp-leg-int": "B",
+      "audex-awr-update": "A",
+      "BLN-25216-new-user-badges": "B",
+      "KAD-333_dominant_category": "B",
+      "EKPAY-4460-kyc-entrypoint": "A",
+      "BLN-27350_plc_rollback": "B",
+      "BLN-25556_INIT_MSG_V2": "B",
+      "KARE-1294_private_label": "B",
+      "SPEX-1529_adnami-script": "A",
+      "DESKTOP-promo-switch": "A",
+      "EKPAY-3478-buyer-dispute": "A",
+      "FLPRO-693-ad-duplication": "B",
+      "BLN-27554_lds_kaos_test": "B",
+      "BLN-26961": "C",
+      "BIPHONE-9700_buy_now": "B",
+      "EKPAY-3336-interstial_grp": "A",
+      "BLN-27261_smava_provider": "A",
+      "10149_desktop_offboarding": "B",
+      "SPEX-1504-confiant": "A",
+      "PLC-104_plc-login": "B"
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_web_scraping_mixin_integration.py b/tests/integration/test_web_scraping_mixin_integration.py
index d7562f9..eea7522 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_web_scraping_mixin_integration.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_web_scraping_mixin_integration.py
@@ -37,3 +37,69 @@ async def atest_init() -> None:
 @pytest.mark.itest
 def test_init() -> None:
     nodriver.loop().run_until_complete(atest_init())
+
+
+async def atest_belen_conf_evaluation() -> None:
+    """Test that window.BelenConf can be evaluated correctly with nodriver."""
+    web_scraping_mixin = WebScrapingMixin()
+    if platform.system() == "Linux":
+        # required for Ubuntu 24.04 or newer
+        cast(list[str], web_scraping_mixin.browser_config.arguments).append("--no-sandbox")
+
+    browser_path = web_scraping_mixin.get_compatible_browser()
+    ensure(browser_path is not None, "Browser not auto-detected")
+
+    web_scraping_mixin.close_browser_session()
+    try:
+        await web_scraping_mixin.create_browser_session()
+
+        # Navigate to a simple page that can execute JavaScript
+        html_content = (
+            "data:text/html,<html><body><script>"
+            "window.BelenConf = {test: 'data', universalAnalyticsOpts: "
+            "{dimensions: {dimension92: 'test', dimension108: 'art_s:test'}}};"
+            "</script></body></html>"
+        )
+        await web_scraping_mixin.web_open(html_content)
+        await web_scraping_mixin.web_sleep(1000, 2000)  # Wait for page to load
+
+        # Test JavaScript evaluation - this is the critical test for nodriver 0.40-0.44 issues
+        belen_conf = await web_scraping_mixin.web_execute("window.BelenConf")
+
+        # Verify the evaluation worked
+        assert belen_conf is not None, "window.BelenConf evaluation returned None"
+
+        # In nodriver 0.47+, JavaScript objects are returned as RemoteObject instances
+        # We need to check if it's either a dict (old behavior) or RemoteObject (new behavior)
+        is_dict = isinstance(belen_conf, dict)
+        is_remote_object = hasattr(belen_conf, "deep_serialized_value") and belen_conf.deep_serialized_value is not None
+
+        assert is_dict or is_remote_object, f"window.BelenConf should be a dict or RemoteObject, got {type(belen_conf)}"
+
+        if is_dict:
+            # Old behavior - direct dict access
+            assert "test" in belen_conf, "window.BelenConf should contain test data"
+            assert "universalAnalyticsOpts" in belen_conf, "window.BelenConf should contain universalAnalyticsOpts"
+        else:
+            # New behavior - RemoteObject with deep_serialized_value
+            assert hasattr(belen_conf, "deep_serialized_value"), "RemoteObject should have deep_serialized_value"
+            assert belen_conf.deep_serialized_value is not None, "deep_serialized_value should not be None"
+
+        if is_dict:
+            print(f"[OK] BelenConf evaluation successful: {list(belen_conf.keys())}")
+        else:
+            print("[OK] BelenConf evaluation successful: RemoteObject with deep_serialized_value")
+
+    finally:
+        web_scraping_mixin.close_browser_session()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns = 4, reruns_delay = 5)
+@pytest.mark.itest
+def test_belen_conf_evaluation() -> None:
+    """Test that window.BelenConf JavaScript evaluation works correctly.
+
+    This test specifically validates the issue that affected nodriver 0.40-0.44
+    where window.BelenConf evaluation would fail.
+    """
+    nodriver.loop().run_until_complete(atest_belen_conf_evaluation())
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_extract.py b/tests/unit/test_extract.py
index f6735a2..f18b223 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_extract.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_extract.py
@@ -587,6 +587,31 @@ class TestAdExtractorCategory:
             mock_web_find.assert_any_call(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a:nth-of-type(2)", parent = category_line)
             mock_web_find.assert_any_call(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a:nth-of-type(3)", parent = category_line)
 
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    async def test_extract_category_with_non_string_href(self, extractor:AdExtractor) -> None:
+        """Test category extraction with non-string href attributes to cover str() conversion."""
+        category_line = MagicMock()
+        first_part = MagicMock()
+        # Use non-string href to test str() conversion
+        first_part.attrs = {"href": 12345}  # This will need str() conversion
+        second_part = MagicMock()
+        second_part.attrs = {"href": 67890}  # This will need str() conversion
+
+        with patch.object(extractor, "web_find", new_callable = AsyncMock) as mock_web_find:
+            mock_web_find.side_effect = [
+                category_line,
+                first_part,
+                second_part
+            ]
+
+            result = await extractor._extract_category_from_ad_page()
+            assert result == "2345/7890"  # After str() conversion and slicing
+
+            mock_web_find.assert_any_call(By.ID, "vap-brdcrmb")
+            mock_web_find.assert_any_call(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a:nth-of-type(2)", parent = category_line)
+            mock_web_find.assert_any_call(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a:nth-of-type(3)", parent = category_line)
+
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     # pylint: disable=protected-access
     async def test_extract_special_attributes_empty(self, extractor:AdExtractor) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_init.py b/tests/unit/test_init.py
index 1dba9f4..3c3ae31 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_init.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from collections.abc import Generator
 from contextlib import redirect_stdout
 from datetime import timedelta
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, cast
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ class TestKleinanzeigenBotAdDeletion:
 
         # Create config with ID for deletion by ID
         ad_cfg = Ad.model_validate(minimal_ad_config | {
-            id: "12345"
+            "id": "12345"  # Fixed: use proper dict key syntax
         })
 
         published_ads = [
@@ -911,6 +911,38 @@ class TestKleinanzeigenBotAdDeletion:
             result = await test_bot.delete_ad(ad_cfg, published_ads, delete_old_ads_by_title = False)
             assert result is True
 
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_delete_ad_by_id_with_non_string_csrf_token(self, test_bot:KleinanzeigenBot, minimal_ad_config:dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """Test deleting an ad by ID with non-string CSRF token to cover str() conversion."""
+        test_bot.page = MagicMock()
+        test_bot.page.evaluate = AsyncMock(return_value = {"statusCode": 200, "content": "{}"})
+        test_bot.page.sleep = AsyncMock()
+
+        # Create config with ID for deletion by ID
+        ad_cfg = Ad.model_validate(minimal_ad_config | {
+            "id": "12345"
+        })
+
+        published_ads = [
+            {"title": "Different Title", "id": "12345"},
+            {"title": "Other Title", "id": "11111"}
+        ]
+
+        with patch.object(test_bot, "web_open", new_callable = AsyncMock), \
+                patch.object(test_bot, "web_find", new_callable = AsyncMock) as mock_find, \
+                patch.object(test_bot, "web_click", new_callable = AsyncMock), \
+                patch.object(test_bot, "web_check", new_callable = AsyncMock, return_value = True), \
+                patch.object(test_bot, "web_request", new_callable = AsyncMock) as mock_request:
+            # Mock non-string CSRF token to test str() conversion
+            mock_find.return_value.attrs = {"content": 12345}  # Non-string token
+            result = await test_bot.delete_ad(ad_cfg, published_ads, delete_old_ads_by_title = False)
+            assert result is True
+
+            # Verify that str() was called on the CSRF token
+            mock_request.assert_called_once()
+            call_args = mock_request.call_args
+            assert call_args[1]["headers"]["x-csrf-token"] == "12345"  # Should be converted to string
+
 
 class TestKleinanzeigenBotAdRepublication:
     """Tests for ad republication functionality."""
@@ -1067,6 +1099,79 @@ class TestKleinanzeigenBotShippingOptions:
             # Verify the file was created in the temporary directory
             assert ad_file.exists()
 
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_special_attributes_with_non_string_values(self, test_bot:KleinanzeigenBot, base_ad_config:dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """Test that special attributes with non-string values are converted to strings."""
+        # Create ad config with string special attributes first (to pass validation)
+        ad_cfg = Ad.model_validate(base_ad_config | {
+            "special_attributes": {
+                "art_s": "12345",  # String value initially
+                "condition_s": "67890",  # String value initially
+                "color_s": "red"  # String value
+            },
+            "updated_on": "2024-01-01T00:00:00",
+            "created_on": "2024-01-01T00:00:00"
+        })
+
+        # Now modify the special attributes to non-string values to test str() conversion
+        # This simulates the scenario where the values come from external sources as non-strings
+        # We need to cast to Any to bypass type checking for this test
+        special_attrs = cast(Any, ad_cfg.special_attributes)
+        special_attrs["art_s"] = 12345  # Non-string value
+        special_attrs["condition_s"] = 67890  # Non-string value
+
+        # Mock special attribute elements
+        art_s_elem = MagicMock()
+        art_s_attrs = MagicMock()
+        art_s_attrs.id = "art_s"
+        art_s_attrs.name = "art_s"
+        art_s_elem.attrs = art_s_attrs
+        art_s_elem.local_name = "select"
+
+        condition_s_elem = MagicMock()
+        condition_s_attrs = MagicMock()
+        condition_s_attrs.id = "condition_s"
+        condition_s_attrs.name = "condition_s"
+        condition_s_elem.attrs = condition_s_attrs
+        condition_s_elem.local_name = "select"
+
+        color_s_elem = MagicMock()
+        color_s_attrs = MagicMock()
+        color_s_attrs.id = "color_s"
+        color_s_attrs.name = "color_s"
+        color_s_elem.attrs = color_s_attrs
+        color_s_elem.local_name = "select"
+
+        # Mock the necessary web interaction methods
+        with patch.object(test_bot, "web_find", new_callable = AsyncMock) as mock_find, \
+                patch.object(test_bot, "web_select", new_callable = AsyncMock) as mock_select, \
+                patch.object(test_bot, "web_check", new_callable = AsyncMock, return_value = True), \
+                patch.object(test_bot, "_KleinanzeigenBot__set_condition", new_callable = AsyncMock) as mock_set_condition:
+
+            # Mock web_find to simulate element detection
+            async def mock_find_side_effect(selector_type:By, selector_value:str, **_:Any) -> Element | None:
+                # Handle XPath queries for special attributes
+                if selector_type == By.XPATH and "contains(@name" in selector_value:
+                    if "art_s" in selector_value:
+                        return art_s_elem
+                    if "condition_s" in selector_value:
+                        return condition_s_elem
+                    if "color_s" in selector_value:
+                        return color_s_elem
+                return None
+
+            mock_find.side_effect = mock_find_side_effect
+
+            # Test the __set_special_attributes method directly
+            await getattr(test_bot, "_KleinanzeigenBot__set_special_attributes")(ad_cfg)
+
+            # Verify that web_select was called with string values (str() conversion)
+            mock_select.assert_any_call(By.ID, "art_s", "12345")  # Converted to string
+            mock_select.assert_any_call(By.ID, "color_s", "red")  # Already string
+
+            # Verify that __set_condition was called with string value
+            mock_set_condition.assert_called_once_with("67890")  # Converted to string
+
 
 class TestKleinanzeigenBotUrlConstruction:
     """Tests for URL construction functionality."""
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_web_scraping_mixin_remoteobject.py b/tests/unit/test_web_scraping_mixin_remoteobject.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45c850f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test_web_scraping_mixin_remoteobject.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: © Jens Bergmann and contributors
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+# SPDX-ArtifactOfProjectHomePage: https://github.com/Second-Hand-Friends/kleinanzeigen-bot/
+"""Unit tests for web_scraping_mixin.py RemoteObject handling.
+
+Copyright (c) 2024, kleinanzeigen-bot contributors.
+All rights reserved.
+"""
+
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from kleinanzeigen_bot.utils.web_scraping_mixin import WebScrapingMixin
+
+
+class TestWebExecuteRemoteObjectHandling:
+    """Test web_execute method with nodriver 0.47+ RemoteObject behavior."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_web_execute_remoteobject_with_deep_serialized_value(self) -> None:
+        """Test web_execute with RemoteObject that has deep_serialized_value."""
+        mixin = WebScrapingMixin()
+
+        # Mock RemoteObject with deep_serialized_value
+        mock_remote_object = Mock()
+        mock_remote_object.deep_serialized_value = Mock()
+        mock_remote_object.deep_serialized_value.value = [
+            ["key1", "value1"],
+            ["key2", "value2"]
+        ]
+
+        # Mock the page evaluation to return our RemoteObject
+        with patch.object(mixin, "page") as mock_page:
+            mock_page.evaluate = AsyncMock(return_value = mock_remote_object)
+
+            result = await mixin.web_execute("window.test")
+
+            # Should convert the RemoteObject to a dict
+            assert result == {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_web_execute_remoteobject_with_none_deep_serialized_value(self) -> None:
+        """Test web_execute with RemoteObject that has None deep_serialized_value."""
+        mixin = WebScrapingMixin()
+
+        # Mock RemoteObject with None deep_serialized_value
+        mock_remote_object = Mock()
+        mock_remote_object.deep_serialized_value = None
+
+        with patch.object(mixin, "page") as mock_page:
+            mock_page.evaluate = AsyncMock(return_value = mock_remote_object)
+
+            result = await mixin.web_execute("window.test")
+
+            # Should return the original RemoteObject
+            assert result is mock_remote_object
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_web_execute_remoteobject_with_non_list_serialized_data(self) -> None:
+        """Test web_execute with RemoteObject that has non-list serialized data."""
+        mixin = WebScrapingMixin()
+
+        # Mock RemoteObject with non-list serialized data
+        mock_remote_object = Mock()
+        mock_remote_object.deep_serialized_value = Mock()
+        mock_remote_object.deep_serialized_value.value = {"direct": "dict"}
+
+        with patch.object(mixin, "page") as mock_page:
+            mock_page.evaluate = AsyncMock(return_value = mock_remote_object)
+
+            result = await mixin.web_execute("window.test")
+
+            # Should return the serialized data directly
+            assert result == {"direct": "dict"}
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_web_execute_remoteobject_with_none_serialized_data(self) -> None:
+        """Test web_execute with RemoteObject that has None serialized data."""
+        mixin = WebScrapingMixin()
+
+        # Mock RemoteObject with None serialized data
+        mock_remote_object = Mock()
+        mock_remote_object.deep_serialized_value = Mock()
+        mock_remote_object.deep_serialized_value.value = None
+
+        with patch.object(mixin, "page") as mock_page:
+            mock_page.evaluate = AsyncMock(return_value = mock_remote_object)
+
+            result = await mixin.web_execute("window.test")
+
+            # Should return the original RemoteObject
+            assert result is mock_remote_object
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_web_execute_regular_result(self) -> None:
+        """Test web_execute with regular result (no RemoteObject)."""
+        mixin = WebScrapingMixin()
+
+        # Mock regular result (no deep_serialized_value attribute)
+        mock_result = {"regular": "dict"}
+
+        with patch.object(mixin, "page") as mock_page:
+            mock_page.evaluate = AsyncMock(return_value = mock_result)
+
+            result = await mixin.web_execute("window.test")
+
+            # Should return the result unchanged
+            assert result == mock_result
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_web_execute_remoteobject_conversion_exception(self) -> None:
+        """Test web_execute with RemoteObject that raises exception during conversion."""
+        mixin = WebScrapingMixin()
+
+        # Mock RemoteObject that will raise an exception when trying to convert to dict
+        mock_remote_object = Mock()
+        mock_deep_serialized = Mock()
+
+        # Create a list-like object that raises an exception when dict() is called on it
+        class ExceptionRaisingList(list[str]):
+            def __iter__(self) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
+                raise ValueError("Simulated conversion error")
+
+        mock_deep_serialized.value = ExceptionRaisingList([["key", "value"]])  # type: ignore[list-item]
+        mock_remote_object.deep_serialized_value = mock_deep_serialized
+
+        with patch.object(mixin, "page") as mock_page:
+            mock_page.evaluate = AsyncMock(return_value = mock_remote_object)
+
+            result = await mixin.web_execute("window.test")
+
+            # Should return the original RemoteObject when conversion fails
+            assert result is mock_remote_object